Closed-System Transfer Devices: Important Considerations for Pharmacists
Closed-system transfer devices (CSTDs) mechanically prohibit the transfer of environmental contaminants into a system and the escape of hazardous drugs or vapor concentrations outside the system. Although the first CSTD was approved in the United States in 1998, several products are currently available, including those with widely varying design characteristics.1-3 Because of these design …
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